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| concept_blood_gas_analysis [2025/05/13 06:26] – [Is there any compensation?] jkohts | concept_blood_gas_analysis [2025/05/13 06:36] (current) – [1.4 Is there any compensation?] jkohts | ||
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| Both the lungs and kidneys adapt to compensate for acid-base disturbances in an attempt to bring the pH closer to normal. The adequacy of this compensation should be assessed. | Both the lungs and kidneys adapt to compensate for acid-base disturbances in an attempt to bring the pH closer to normal. The adequacy of this compensation should be assessed. | ||
| - | **Respiratory | + | === Respiratory |
| A quick rule is that the PCO₂ should roughly equal the last two digits of the pH value. This only works within a pH range of 7.1-7.6. | A quick rule is that the PCO₂ should roughly equal the last two digits of the pH value. This only works within a pH range of 7.1-7.6. | ||
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| * In metabolic alkalosis, expected PCO₂ = 0.7 [HCO₃⁻] + 20 | * In metabolic alkalosis, expected PCO₂ = 0.7 [HCO₃⁻] + 20 | ||
| - | **Metabolic | + | |
| + | === Metabolic | ||
| Renal metabolic compensation occurs quickly via intracellular buffering, and more slowly via the kidney, where under normal conditions, HCO₃⁻ is absorbed and H⁺ is secreted in varying amounts. | Renal metabolic compensation occurs quickly via intracellular buffering, and more slowly via the kidney, where under normal conditions, HCO₃⁻ is absorbed and H⁺ is secreted in varying amounts. | ||
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| ===== - Other Useful Information on a Blood Gas ===== | ===== - Other Useful Information on a Blood Gas ===== | ||
| - | * pO2 denotes oxygenation of the blood, a pO2 < 60mmHg is concerning for hypoxia. | + | * PO₂ denotes oxygenation of the blood, a PO₂ < 60mmHg is concerning for hypoxia. |
| * Lactate is often quantified, with normal concentrations < 2mmol/L. | * Lactate is often quantified, with normal concentrations < 2mmol/L. | ||
| - | * Electrolytes such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) are usually reported on a blood gas | + | * Electrolytes such as sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) are usually reported on a blood gas |
| * COHb quantifies the percentage of circulating carboxyhaemoglobin. Smoking can be associated with levels up to 10%. | * COHb quantifies the percentage of circulating carboxyhaemoglobin. Smoking can be associated with levels up to 10%. | ||
| * MetHb quantifies the percentage of circulating methaemoglobin. | * MetHb quantifies the percentage of circulating methaemoglobin. | ||