2025_references_unfiltered

List of references sorted by page name. Is primarily a dump of the 'further reading'.

• Beta blocker toxicity
  • Lip GY, Ferner RE. Poisoning with anti-hypertensive drugs: beta-adrenoceptor blocker drugs. J Hum Hypertens 1995; 9(4):213-221.
  • Love JN, Howell JM, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W. Acute beta blocker overdose: factors associated with the development of cardiovascular morbidity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38(3):275-281.
  • Pentel PR, Salerno DM. Cardiac drug toxicity: digitalis glycosides and calcium-channel and beta-blocking agents. Med J Aust 1990; 152(2):88-94.
  • Albertson TE, Dawson A, de Latorre F, Hoffman RS, Hollander JE, Jaeger A, Kerns WR 2nd,Martin TG,Ross MP;American Heart Association;International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.AnnEmergMed.
  • TOX-ACLS: toxicologic-oriented advanced cardiac life support 2001 Apr;37(4 Suppl):S78-90
  • O'grady J, Anderson S, Pringle D.Successful treatment of severe atenolol overdose with calcium chloride. CJEM. 2001 Jul;3(3):224-7.
  • Kerns W. Management of beta-adrenergic blocker and calcium channel antagonist toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2007, May;25(2):309-31; abstract viii.

• Pharmacokinetics
  • Evans WE, McLeod HL. Pharmacogenomics Drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects. N Engl J Med 2003;348(6):538-550. PDF
  • Martin J, Fay M. Cytochrome P450 drug interactions: are they clinically relevant? Australian Prescriber 2001;24(1):10-12. PDF
  • Roberts D Buckley N Pharmacokinetic considerations in clinical toxicology: clinical applications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(11):897-939. PDF

• Benzodiazepine toxicity
  • Ahmad Z, Herepath M, Ebden P. Diagnostic utility of flumazenil in coma with suspected poisoning. BMJ 1991; 302(6771): 292 PMID1998806
    
  • Amrein R1, Hetzel W, Hartmann D, Lorscheid T. Clinical pharmacology of flumazenil. Eur J Anaesthesio 1988 ;2 Suppl: 65-80 PMID2842143
    
  • Anon. Hypnotic dependence: zolpidem and zopiclone too. Prescrire Int 2001; 10(51): 15 PMID11503851
    
  • Anon. Zolpidem: now classified as a psychotropic at risk of abuse. Prescrire Int 2003; 12(64): 60 PMID12674120
    
  • Barrero-Hernandez FJ, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Lopez-Lopez MI, Casado-Torres A. [Epileptic seizures as a sign of abstinence from chronic consumption of zolpidem]. Rev Neurol 2002; 34(3): 253–6 PMID12022074
    
  • Bramness JG, Arnestad M, Karinen R, Hilberg T. Fatal overdose of zopiclone in an elderly woman with bronchogenic carcinoma. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46(5): 1247–9 PMID11569575
    
  • Brown MJ, Bristow DR. Molecular mechanisms of benzodiazepine-induced down-regulation of GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit protein in rat cerebellar granule cells. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118(5): 1103–10 PMID8818332
    
  • Buckley NA1, Whyte IM, Dawson AH, McManus PR, Ferguson NW. Self-poisoning in Newcastle, 1987-1992. Med J Aust 1995; 162(4): 190-3 PMID7877540
    
  • Buckley NA, Whyte IM, Dawson AH, O'Connell D. The relative toxicity of benzodiazepines in overdose. BMJ 1995; 310(6974): 219–21 PMID7866122
    
  • Burkhart KK, Kulig KW. The diagnostic utility of flumazenil (a benzodiazepine antagonist) in coma of unknown etiology. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19(3): 319–21 PMID2106810
    
  • Chern TL, Kwan A. Flumazenil-induced seizure accompanying benzodiazepine and baclofen intoxication. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14(2): 231–2 PMID8924153
    
  • Crestani F, Martin JR, Mohler H, Rudolph U. Mechanism of action of the hypnotic zolpidem in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131(7): 1251–4 PMID11090095
    
  • Dassanayake TL, Michie PT, Jones AL, et al. Cognitive skills underlying driving in patients discharged following self-poisoning with central nervous system depressant drugs. Traffic Inj Prev 2012 Sep; 13(5): 450–7 PMID22931174
    
  • Debailleul G, Khalil FA, Lheureux P. HPLC quantification of zolpidem and prothipendyl in a voluntary intoxication. J Anal Toxicol 1991; 15(1): 35–37 PMID1675298
    
  • Depoortere H, Zivkovic B, Lloyd KG, et al. Zolpidem, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. I. Neuropharmacological and behavioral effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 237(2): 649–58 PMID2871178
    
  • de Haro L, Valli M, Bourdon JH, et al. Diazepam poisoning with one-month monitoring of diazepam and nordiazepam blood levels. Vet Hum Toxicol 2001; 43(3): 174–5 PMID11383664
    
  • Derlet RW, Albertson TE. Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine-diazepam intoxications. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23(3): 494–8 PMID8135424
    
  • Doble A. New insights into the mechanism of action of hypnotics. J Psychopharmacol 1999; 13(4 Suppl 1): S11–S20 PMID10667451
    
  • Dollery CT. Therapeutic drugs. CD_ROM DATABASE Release 1.0 ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1999
    
  • Fernandez C, Maradeix V, Gimenez F, Thuillier A, Farinotti R. Pharmacokinetics of zopiclone and its enantiomers in Caucasian young healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 1993; 21(6): 1125–8 PMID7905394
    
  • Fisher JB, Edgren BE, Mammel MC, Coleman JM. Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: a case report. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66(3 Suppl): 34S-35S PMID4022513
    
  • Garnier R, Guerault E, Muzard D, et al. Acute zolpidem poisoning–analysis of 344 cases. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994; 32(4): 391–404 PMID 8057398
    
  • Gaudreault P, Guay J, Thivierge RL, Verdy I. Benzodiazepine poisoning. Clinical and pharmacological considerations and treatment. Drug Saf 1991; 6: 247–65 PMID 1888441
    
  • Gock SB, Wong SH, Nuwayhid N, et al. Acute zolpidem overdose–report of two cases. J Anal Toxicol 1999; 23(6): 559–62 PMID 10517569
    
  • Greenblatt DJ, Woo E, Allen MD, Orsulak PJ, Shader RI. Rapid recovery from massive diazepam overdose. JAMA 1978; 240(17): 1872–4 PMID 357765
    
  • Gueye PN, Hoffman JR, Taboulet P, Vicaut E, Baud FJ. Empiric use of flumazenil in comatose patients: limited applicability of criteria to define low risk. Ann Emerg Med 1996; 27(6): 730–5 PMID 8644960
    
  • Gueye PN, Lofaso F, Borron SW, et al. Mechanism of respiratory insufficiency in pure or mixed drug-induced coma involving benzodiazepines. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40(1): 35–47 PMID11990203
    
  • Hamad A, Sharma N. Acute zolpidem overdose leading to coma and respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27(7): 1239 PMID 11534578
    
  • Harry P. [Acute poisoning by new psychotropic drugs.] Rev Prat 1997; 47(7): 731–5 PMID 9183949
    
  • Haverkos GP, DiSalvo RP, Imhoff TE. Fatal seizures after flumazenil administration in a patient with mixed overdose. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28(12): 1347–9 PMID7696723
    
  • Herd B, Clarke F. Complete heart block after flumazenil. Hum Exp Toxicol 1991; 10(4): 289 PMID1679653
    
  • Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness. Controversies in the use of a 'coma cocktail'. JAMA 1995; 274(7): 562–9 PMID 7629986
    
  • Hojer J, Baehrendtz S, Matell G, Gustafsson LL. Diagnostic utility of flumazenil in coma with suspected poisoning: a double blind, randomised controlled study. BMJ 1990; 301(6764): 1308–11 PMID1980218
    
  • Ingum J, Bjorklund R, Volden R, Morland J. Development of acute tolerance after oral doses of diazepam and flunitrazepam. Psychopharmacol 1994; 113(3–4): 304–10 PMID7862837
    
  • Kuitunen T, Mattila MJ, Seppala T. Actions and interactions of hypnotics on human performance: single doses of zopiclone, triazolam and alcohol. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 5 Suppl 2: 115–130 PMID2201724
    
  • Kurta DL, Myers LB, Krenzelok EP. Zolpidem (Ambien): a pediatric case series. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1997; 35(5): 453–7 PMID9279301
    
  • Lheureux P, Debailleul G, De Witte O, Askenasi R. Zolpidem intoxication mimicking narcotic overdose: response to flumazenil. Hum Exp Toxicol 1990; 9(2): 105–7 PMID2111156
    
  • Lheureux P, Vranckx M, Leduc D, Askenasi R. Flumazenil in mixed benzodiazepine/tricyclic antidepressant overdose: a placebo-controlled study in the dog. Am J Emerg Med 1992; 10(3): 184–8 PMID1586424
    
  • Liappas IA, Malitas PN, Dimopoulos NP, et al. Zolpidem dependence case series: possible neurobiological mechanisms and clinical management. J Psychopharmacol 2003; 17(1): 131–5 PMID12680751
    
  • Logan BK, Couper FJ. Zolpidem and driving impairment. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46(1): 105–10 PMID11210892
    
  • Markowitz JS, Brewerton TD. Zolpidem-induced psychosis. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1996; 8(2): 89–91 PMID8807033
    
  • Meatherall RC. Zopiclone fatality in a hospitalized patient. J Forensic Sci 1997; 42(2): 340-3 PMID9068198
    
  • Meredith TJ, Jacobsen D, Haines JA, Berger J-C (eds). Naloxone, flumazenil and dantrolene as antidotes. IPCS/CEC evaluation of antidotes series Vol 1. Cambridge University Press, 1993
    
  • Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S, Tirosh M, Ezra D. Seizures after flumazenil administration in a case of combined benzodiazepine and tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Crit Care Med 1992; 20(12): 1733–4 PMID1458953
    
  • Patat A, Naef MM, van Gessel E, Forster A, Dubruc C, Rosenzweig P. Flumazenil antagonizes the central effects of zolpidem, an imidazopyridine hypnotic. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56(4): 430–6 PMID7955804
    
  • Pounder DJ, Davies JI. Zopiclone poisoning: tissue distribution and potential for postmortem diffusion. Forensic Sci Int 1994; 65(3): 177–83 PMID8039775
    
  • Regouby Y, Delomez G, Tisserant A. [First-degree heart block caused by voluntary zopiclone poisoning]. Therapie 1990; 45(2): 162 PMID2353332
    
  • Rochette A, Le Niger E, Moulins H, Manchon M. [Voluntary drug poisoning: epidemiology, performance and limits of the emergency laboratory.] J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10(6): 395-408 PMID2130183
    
  • Royer-Morrot MJ, Rambourg M, Jacob I, Bauer P, Royer RJ. Determination of zopiclone in plasma using column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr 1992; 581(2): 297–9 PMID1452623
    
  • Rudolph U, Crestani F, Mohler H. GABA(A) receptor subtypes: dissecting their pharmacological functions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001; 22(4): 188-94 PMID11282419
    
  • Salva P, Costa J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Therapeutic implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 29(3): 142–53 PMID 8521677
    
  • Schulze-Bonhage A, Elger CE. Induction of partial epileptic seizures by flumazenil. Epilepsia 2000; 41(2): 186–92 PMID10691115
    
  • Serfaty M, Masterton G. Fatal poisonings attributed to benzodiazepines in Britain during the 1980s. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163: 386–93 PMID8104653
    
  • Short TG, Maling T, Galletly DC. Ventricular arrhythmia precipitated by flumazenil. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988; 296(6628): 1070-1 PMID3130150
    
  • Velvart J. [Epidemiology of acute drug poisoning in Switzerland.] Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1982; 112(31-32): 1101-4 PMID7134935
    
  • Weinbroum A, Rudick V, Sorkine P, Fleishon R, Geller E. Long-term intravenous and oral flumazenil treatment of acute diazepam overdose in an older patient. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44(6): 737–8 PMID8642175
    
  • Wyss PA, Radovanovic D, Meier-Abt PJ. [Acute overdose of Zolpidem (Stilnox).] Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996; 126(18): 750–6 PMID8693299
    

• Biguanide toxicity
  • Asmal AC, Marble A. Oral hypoglycemics. An update. Drugs 1984; 28: 62-78.
    Bingle JP. Storey GW. Winter JM. Fatal self-poisoning with phenformin. Br Med J 1970; 3: 752.
    Chalopin JM, Tanter Y, Besancenot JF, Cabanne JF, Rifle G. Treatment of metformin-associated lactic acidosis with closed recirculation bicarbonate-buffered haemodialysis. Arch Int Med 1984; 144: 203-205.
    Hardman JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE. Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics 9th ed. 1996. McGraw Hill, New York.
    Harrower AD. Pharmacokinetics of oral antihyperglycaemic agents in patients with renal insufficiency. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996; 31(2):111-9.
    Jefferys DB, Volans GN. Self-poisoning in diabetic patients. Hum Toxicol 1983; 2:345-348.
    Luft D, Scmulling RM, Eggstein M. Lactic acidosis in biguanide treated diabetics. Diabetologia 1978; 14:75-87.
    Marchetti P, Giannarelli R, di Carlo A, Navalesi R. Pharmacokinetic optimisation of oral hypoglycaemic therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 21(4):308-17.
    Marchetti P, Navalesi R. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of oral hypoglycaemic agents. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989; 16(2):100-28.
    McGuinness ME, Talbert RL. Phenformin induced lactic acidosis: A forgotten adverse drug reaction. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27: 1183-87.
    Misbin RI. Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis: Pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1977;87: 591-595.
    Moore DF, Wood DF, Volans GN. Features, prevention and management of acute overdose due to antidiabetic drugs. Drug Safety 1993; 9: 218-229.
    Paterson KR, Paice BJ, Lawson DH. Undesired effects of biguanide therapy. Adv Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev 1984; 3(3):173-82.
    Ryder REJ. The danger of high dose sodium bicarbonate in biguanide-induced lactic acidosis: the theory, the practice and alternative therapies. Br J Clin Pract 1987;41: 730-737
    Scheen AJ, Lefebvre PJ. Antihyperglycaemic agents. Drug interactions of clinical importance. Drug Safety 1995; 12(1):32-45.
    Scheen AJ. . Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996; 30: 359-371.
    Seger D. . Toxic emergencies of endocrine and metabolic therapeutic agents. J Emerg Med 1988; 6(6):527-37
    Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, et al. A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1564-9.
    6- Dec- 2014